What Is A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2 Level in English?

The levels A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2 are part of the CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages). This international system is used worldwide to describe and measure English language proficiency. Schools, teachers, employers, and universities use these levels to understand what a learner can do in English.

The CEFR divides English learners into three main categories: basic users, independent users, and proficient users.

A1 Level – Beginner English

The A1 level is the starting point for learning English. At this level, learners can understand and use very simple words and expressions used in everyday situations.

An A1 learner can introduce themselves, ask basic questions, and understand simple instructions when people speak slowly and clearly. Grammar knowledge is very limited and includes basic sentence structures, common verbs, and simple present tense.

This level is suitable for complete beginners.

A2 Level – Elementary English

The A2 level is still considered basic, but learners are more confident. At this stage, students can understand frequently used expressions related to daily life such as family, work, shopping, and travel.

An A2 learner can communicate in simple conversations, describe routine activities, and write short messages or emails. Basic past and future forms are introduced, and vocabulary becomes wider.

B1 Level – Intermediate English

The B1 level is known as the intermediate level. Learners can understand the main points of clear, standard English on familiar topics such as work, school, leisure, and travel.

At B1, students can express opinions, describe experiences, and explain plans. They can handle most situations while traveling in an English-speaking country. Writing simple texts, emails, and short essays is possible.

This is often the level where learners start using English independently.

B2 Level – Upper-Intermediate English

The B2 level represents a strong command of English. Learners can understand complex texts, follow detailed discussions, and communicate fluently with native speakers.

At this level, students can express ideas clearly and in detail, argue a point of view, and write professional emails, reports, and essays. Grammar accuracy and vocabulary range are much stronger.

B2 is often required for professional or academic environments.

C1 Level – Advanced English

The C1 level is considered advanced. Learners can understand long and demanding texts, including abstract and technical topics. Communication is fluent, spontaneous, and flexible.

A C1 learner can use English effectively for work, study, and academic purposes. Writing is well-structured, detailed, and stylistically appropriate. Vocabulary includes idiomatic expressions and advanced language.

C2 Level – Proficient or Near-Native English

The C2 level is the highest level in the CEFR system. Learners can understand almost everything they read or hear, even complex and nuanced content.

At C2, communication is precise, natural, and effortless. Learners can express subtle meanings, use idioms correctly, and adapt language to any situation. This level is close to that of an educated native speaker.

Why CEFR English Levels Matter

CEFR levels help learners set clear goals and choose appropriate learning materials. They are widely used in English courses, language exams, job requirements, and university admissions. Exams such as IELTS, TOEFL, and Cambridge English are aligned with CEFR levels.

Final Thoughts

Understanding A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2 English levels helps you evaluate your current ability and plan your learning journey effectively. Whether you are just starting or aiming for mastery, the CEFR provides a clear and reliable roadmap for learning English.