The Uses of "May" in English

The modal verb may is commonly used to express possibility, permission, or polite requests. It is often considered more formal than other modals like can or might, depending on the context. Below, you’ll find a detailed explanation of the primary uses of may, along with examples and practice exercises.

1. To Express Possibility

May is used to talk about things that are possible or that might happen in the present or future.

Examples:

• It may rain later, so take an umbrella.

• She may be at the library right now.

• This may become a big issue if we don’t act quickly.

2. To Give or Ask for Permission

May is a formal way to give or request permission, often used in more polite or professional contexts.

Examples:

• You may leave the classroom once you finish the exam.

• May I borrow your pen for a moment?

• Students may use the library facilities until 8 PM.

3. To Make Polite Requests

May is sometimes used in polite questions, though this usage is less common in everyday English.

Examples:

• May I have a word with you?

• May we come in now?

• May I ask a question?

4. To Express a Wish or Hope (Formal or Literary Use)

In formal or literary contexts, may is used to express good wishes or hopes.

Examples:

• May you have a long and happy life together.

• May the best team win!

• May peace be with you.

5. To Talk About Rules or Laws

May is often used to discuss what is allowed or permitted according to rules, laws, or regulations.

Examples:

• You may not park here without a permit.

• Visitors may not enter the restricted area.

• Employees may request up to three days of leave per month.

6. To Indicate Possibility in Suggestions or Advice

May is sometimes used when offering suggestions, advice, or warnings about potential outcomes.

Examples:

• You may want to double-check the information before submitting the form.

• He may regret his decision later.

• This may cause some inconvenience to customers.

7. To Express Uncertainty in Formal Statements

May is often used in formal contexts to highlight uncertainty.

Examples:

• The report suggests that there may be a connection between diet and mental health.

• There may have been some confusion about the meeting time.

• This may not be the best solution to the problem.

Negative Form of "May"

The negative form may not is used to deny permission or express the possibility that something will not happen.

Examples:

• You may not enter the building without a badge. (Denial of permission)

• It may not snow tonight, but it’s still cold outside. (Possibility)

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with "may" or "may not."

1. You ________ want to check the train schedule before you leave.

2. Students ________ use their phones during the lecture.

3. This medicine ________ cause drowsiness, so avoid driving after taking it.

4. ________ I ask you a question about the assignment?

5. Employees ________ park in the reserved spots without a permit.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences using "may."

1. It’s possible that he is late because of traffic.

2. Is it okay if I sit here?

3. There is a chance that they’ll cancel the meeting.

4. They are not allowed to enter this area.

5. I hope you succeed in your new job.

Exercise 3: Identify the correct use of "may" in each sentence.

1. You may leave early today if you finish your work.
   a) Permission
   b) Possibility
   c) Polite request

2. May you have a wonderful birthday celebration!
   a) Wish
   b) Polite request
   c) Permission

3. The weather forecast suggests it may rain tomorrow.
   a) Uncertainty
   b) Permission
   c) Suggestion